An analysis of the experience of using simulation training technologies in the training of doctors in the specialty "Endoscopy" is presented. Simulation equipment makes it possible to optimally distribute the time limit and stages of mastering the manual skills of endoscopists. The developed step-by-step model of training endoscopists using simulation training is offered for professional retraining programs and for advanced training programs. The analysis has shown the importance and prospects of using simulation technologies in the training of endoscopists.

The station passport "The algorithm of doctor's actions in the provision of primary health care to a patient with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)" is aimed at mastering the full range of competencies by doctors in the field of prevention, diagnosis, treatment, dispensary observation of patients who have undergone COVID-19.The passport of the station includes scenarios of professional situations with which a doctor often meets, as well as checklists for each situation have been developed to control the level of formation of doctors' competencies.

Simulation technologies can significantly improve the quality of teaching students of medical universities; these technologies are especially relevant for pediatric departments due to the complexity of practicing skills on real patients. The paper discusses the basic principles of the work of  a simulation center.

The authors present the experience of working with students, residents and doctors on the implementation of simulation technologies in the process of mastering the practical skills of providing emergency and urgent medical care to children on the basis of the Center for Simulation Training and Accreditation of Specialists.

This work is devoted to the problem of introducing the FAST protocol course for doctors and residents of surgical specialties into the curriculum. The study proves that the confident application of the method is possible only with repeated reproduction of the acquired skill, which can only be realized in simulated conditions.

Information on the results of a survey of graduates of the Faculty of General Medicine of the Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky 2017, 2018 and 2019, concerning their attitude to the procedure for the primary accreditation of specialist is presented.

After practical training, all students retained an average level of communication skills, similar to the initial level of assessment after theoretical training, however, in the group of students who underwent re-assessment, significant differences were found in specific communication skills. Empathy and ability to take anamnesis improved significantly, while the structure of history taking and non-verbal behavior decreased. Thus, the overall score remained unchanged, reflecting the balance between improved, deteriorated and unchanged competencies.

In connection with the new infection COVID-19, in a situation of a forced transition to distance learning, new approaches to the learning process have to be sought. In Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko  for a better perception of educational distance learning material, a high-tech gaming professional program was used.

An important aspect of primary accreditation in modern medical education is the use of the "standardized patient" methodology, which necessarily includes simulation training technologies.

We assessed the personal and situational anxiety among the 6th year students of the Amur State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Russia before and after passing tests using the Objective structured clinical examination technology.

In order to increase the efficiency of the distance learning process in the context of a pandemic, in the preparation and implementation of training programs, contextual learning methods have become more and more in demand. Employees of the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology and the Multifunctional Accreditation and Simulation Center (MASC) are in constant search of new bright and capacious, including non-trivial, methods of solving educational problems.

Simulation education is a relatively new, but rather promising direction, rapidly developing and modifying in the conditions of modern medicine. The authors present the experience of implementing simulation training in the educational process of students for mastering practical skills in pediatrics according to the thematic plan of the 4th year of the faculty of "General Medicine" in the conditions of the simulation Center. The results obtained reflect the positive aspects of simulation learning: student confidence in professional skills, reduction in medical errors, and student satisfaction.

The article explores the possibility of attracting specialists with secondary medical professional education to various forms of postgraduate education.

The teaching staff of the Medical Institute of the Chechen State University use forms, methods of teaching and upbringing that ensure high quality of education, which are selected depending on their purpose: transfer of information, development of skills, use of information in the clinic, etc. The simulation center allows to assess the level of development of practical skills and abilities of students, the goal of which is a practice-oriented approach to medical education, training and development of skills in providing medical care using simulation educational technologies.

The possibilities of creating distance learning courses for first aid are considered, taking into account the characteristics of high-risk production factors at various enterprises. In connection with the current epidemiological situation, it became necessary to exclude the full-time part from the training programs, which negatively affects the contextual component of the training process and does not allow fully teaching students practical skills and first aid algorithms. Advance communication with the enterprise for which the course is being prepared, with clarification of the key points of the production process in the context of the impact of high-risk production factors, will make the distance course relevant and memorable.

The experience of using the training simulation course in the program of practical training of residents of traumatologists and orthopedists at the National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Academician G.A. Ilizarov is presented. The aim of the course was to ensure the readiness of students to carry out professional activities in accordance with the qualification requirements for a traumatologist-orthopedist, as well as to develop and improve the skills of providing first and qualified medical care to the adult population in the event of urgent and life-threatening conditions.

This work is devoted to the study of the awareness of medical students in the Republic of Uzbekistan about simulation training. The results showed low awareness and hence the need to include such training in the educational program of medical institutions of the republic.

The experience of using an extended model of training anesthesiologists-resuscitators in the section "Difficult airways in obstetrics" with the use of simulation training technologies in advanced training programs is presented. The analysis showed the effectiveness of the use of simulation technologies in the process of training of anesthesiologists-resuscitators.

The article discusses the need to assess the residual knowledge of students in relation to the skills of non-invasive methods of measuring blood pressure. The survival rate of knowledge regarding this technique within six months after a detailed analysis and passing of a credit lesson remains not entirely satisfactory, which indicates the need for additional trainings both on simulators and in conditions closer to real ones, possibly with the participation of simulated patients

Implementation of the "Communication" station at the practice-oriented stage of accreditation of medical specialists from the standpoint of the organization and scientific and methodological study of the assessment of communication skills with a standardized patient in simulated conditions of the practice-oriented stage of accreditation of medical specialists.

The article presents the results achieved in the course of the study during the training of anesthesiologists and resuscitators on the additional advanced training program "Features of mechanical ventilation in patients with viral pneumonia (COVID-19)" during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This program was implemented in the medical simulation center of the Botkin Hospital. In the period from April 2016 to April 2017 in the simulation center, 14 inpatient practitioners were trained in the course “Basic principles of endoscopic endonasal surgery. Basic course" without previous experience in endoscopic endonasal surgery. During the development of the original methodology, developed specifically for this course, the analysis of learning curves, fatigue, the formation of coordination of movements and adaptation of the visual analyzer was carried out.

The article presents a system of organizing simulation training for doctors under the program of continuing medical education for advanced training in the specialty "Surgery" of the cycle "Fundamentals of endovideosurgery". As a result of mastering the program, the doctor acquires the basic skills of endovideosurgical manipulations. Upon successful certification, the student receives a document of the established sample.

The use of educational programs based on simulation technologies will make it possible to bring the education and training of firefighters and rescuers to a higher, modern level, which in its turn will increase the professionalism and competitiveness of graduates of the GKU DPO "UMC for Civil Defense and Emergencies" and will positively affect the quality of first aid and psychological support to victims in emergencies, will increase the number of survivors in emergencies, reduce mortality rates, and contribute to strengthening the psychological health of specialists.

This article discusses the need to prepare students for work in extreme conditions. A special teaching methodology was developed, which turned out to be highly effective.

The first experience of distance teaching of general surgery to third-year students of the Faculty of Medicine of St. Petersburg State University is analyzed.

When providing first aid for practiced clinical situations, the creation of highly realistic simulated conditions leads to an increase in inconsistencies in the implementation of the algorithm of actions and a failure of the differentiated approach to first aid, which requires repeated trainings to consolidate skills.

The article discusses the possibility of using the methodology of computer technology "Creation of a map-scheme" in the process of teaching doctors to increase the effectiveness of training in the cycle "Anesthesiology, resuscitation and intensive therapy".

The article examines the features of admission to residency training in a pandemic.

Currently in the Russian Federation there is a regulatory and legal material base for the use of simulation technologies in training in clinical residency in anesthesiology and resuscitation. At the same time, there is a methodology for using the methods of complex classes (human resources, equipping with sim-center equipment, the effectiveness of using teaching methods, etc.) that influence  the effectiveness of technologies in the educational process.

The article describes the relevance of developing recommendations for maintaining a healthy psychological climate in the team of medical workers during a pandemic.

In connection with the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, as well as the severe course of the disease in a number of cases, health services require specialists to carry out invasive respiratory support. In this regard, in the simulation center of Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N.Burdenko is conducting simulation training for doctors of surgical specialties under the additional professional development program "Invasive artificial ventilation of the lungs and other methods of respiratory support in patients with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19"

The paper compares the effectiveness of distance and full-time forms of teaching first aid.

This article examines the possibility of acquiring manual skills and skills of applying output obstetric forceps and vacuum extraction of the fetus by obstetricians-gynecologists with the help of additional professional education using simulation technologies.

The article describes the principles of creating temporary hospitals, the parameters of the institutions necessary for the emergency conversion of non-medical institutions to medical ones.

The results of the development of the layout, equipping with special technological equipment and the experience of the production of the technological department of the simulation center "Educational Pharmacy" are presented. This department allows you to form in the learning process and evaluate during the accreditation process the professional skills of pharmacists in the pharmaceutical manufacture and in the organization of the technological process.

The work presents the possibility of using computer programs that include elements of virtual reality in teaching endoscopy.

Within the framework of the simulation course, during the control of the independent work of the 6th year students of the medical faculty, the program "Virtual patient Academics3D" was used. The educational program "Virtual Patient Academics3D" is an effective pedagogical technology and can be used in preparation for the course "Internal Medicine" in different courses. A special emotional atmosphere is created by a highly realistic professional situation, which contributes to the assimilation of educational material and improves the quality of education.

The article highlights the experience of the accreditation simulation center of the Department of Obstetrics and of the Kazan State Medical University Gynecology named after prof. V.S. Gruzdev on training obstetricians and gynecologists in the context of the introduction of special measures to prevent the spread of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Maintaining professional competencies of doctors is an urgent task of the National Healthcare Project. In a pandemic, ensuring the safety of students' health becomes a priority task for any educational institution. Objective: to provide high-quality training for doctors in compliance with a special sanitary and hygienic regime.

When conducting a comparative analysis of simple and team trainings for anesthesiologists-resuscitators and obstetricians-gynecologists, a significant influence of stress factors on the professionalism of technical skills was revealed, which led to an increase in the time to diagnose the state of clinical death, led to errors in conducting electric pulse therapy and ensuring airway patency, and also lengthened the time of fetal extraction.

The analysis of the results revealed a significant increase in the level of skills due to an objective assessment of each of the parameters, which makes it possible to most effectively correct and identify errors in the development of any endosurgical skill.

The work examines the medical losses associated with the lack of lean technologies in trauma centers, and also identifies possible solutions to this problem.

The article describes possible electronic educational resources in foreign and Latin languages when switching to distance learning, facilitating the mastery of the material by students of medical institutions.

Clinical education is the classic teaching method in a medical school. However, in recent years, there have been several trends in medical education that impede full-fledged clinical education, including pandemic emergencies that are forcing medical universities to switch to distance learning. We offer an innovative teaching method based on the use of virtual patients on an open access platform for the development of clinical thinking in a distance learning environment, which has proven to be effective.

Analyzed 50 questionnaires of medical workers trained at the Factory of medical processes "Preventive examination". 5 factors have been identified that influence the motivation and effectiveness of training. The relevance of teaching the tools of lean manufacturing in the system of Continuing Medical Education is shown.

The student mentor learning system can be used in a variety of situations, from teaching fundamental disciplines and critical thinking to helping students solve different situations. Participating student mentors gain academic and professional benefits from this interaction.

As an alternative to real patients is offered a modern virtual patient technology with the possibility of multiple repetition of cases and debriefing. The study examined the self-perception of students when learning on BodyInteract. A questionnaire was used for students of the specialty "General Medicine", which was used after the completion of the clinical scenario. The results showed that over 80% of students reported a positive impact on the development of clinical skills in a crisis situation. BodyInteract promotes the development of clinical competence.

In connection with the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection, there is an urgent need for additional qualified medical personnel. The work identifies the main aspects of the educational institution's activities aimed at the successful organization of the process.

The experience of conducting practical training for nurses on the use of PPE in the context of the threat of the spread of COVID-19 is presented on the example of GAU DPO of the Republic of Bashkortostan Center for Advanced Studies.

The experience of such a model of an educational simulation center as a structural unit of a multidisciplinary medical institution allows us to recognize it as effective and use it in the implementation of the program of modernization of the healthcare system of the Republic of Belarus.

This work is devoted to the study of the motivation of students-surgeons. The use of a competitive element in teaching surgery is proposed to increase motivation to engage in simulation classes.

The article analyzes the effectiveness of the implementation of lean technologies in the standardization of medical processes in the provision of emergency medical care, which is especially relevant during a pandemic.

The article discusses the need to use simulation equipment in the preparation of future medical doctors. Classes using such equipment form the individual responsibility of each specific student for the final result of the practical skills performed.

The work deals with the problem of interaction between a doctor and a patient, the need for students to acquire communication skills for the correct diagnosis.

Effective teamwork is a quality tool for building a more effective and patient-centered care delivery system. Working in teams, physicians-residents model situations, control the actions of themselves and their teammates, better acquire practical skills. Such a training system is optimal in the processes providing assistance in a team, but depends on the definition of the main elements of this system

The main problems of attracting persons to the role of “standardized patient” in the procedure for assessing the communication skills of doctors during the accreditation of medical specialists are outlined; possible directions of solutions are proposed.

The article describes the CBL Case-Based Learning methodology, proves the high efficiency of the lesson when working with small groups.

The authors describe the results of a study of the investigating of the  opinion of candidates on the conducted differential selection for training in residency programs. For the purpose of qualitative selection of applicants for residency training, an objective structured clinical examination is conducted, including multiple mini-interview stations. The study received positive feedback on the selection procedure as a qualitative and reliable method for assessing the ability to learn, while the situational tasks were not difficult, understandable and accessible for understanding the purpose of selection.

Conducting trainings for team building is an important component of professional development of obstetric and pediatric service specialists. Conducting simulation trainings during a period of high risk of the spread of a new coronavirus infection has some peculiarities. Pedagogical research made it possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the level of formation of team interaction skills in training specialists using the traditional and adapted to new conditions simulation training model.

In a pandemic, all educational institutions were forced to switch to distance learning. The quick reaction of staff, students and teachers to the new conditions created allowed mobilizing internal intellectual resources for distance learning in the simulation center. Analysis of the effectiveness of the available electronic resources made it possible to flexibly and quickly restructure the educational process in the simulation center. In general, both students and teachers have gained invaluable experience in teaching and learning during total self-isolation and distance learning.

Virtual (digital) learning is discussed from the perspective of Maslow's theory. The possibility of natural embedding of digital learning into the pyramid of modern human needs is determined.

In this paper the authors describe the distance learning format in the discipline "Basic Medical Manipulations" of 2nd year students of a foreign department, studying in English. Foreign students were forced to remain in self-isolation during the state of emergency, namely in hostels, and learned practical skills in a distance format. These conditions for teaching and learning were created for the first time, so students had to adapt, increase responsibility for their knowledge and develop self-discipline.

The article examines the features of distance learning in a medical university and clarifies the possibility of a complete transition to such a training format.

Distance learning does not completely replace live learning, but it does have its advantages. Gamification always involves making a deliberate decision, motivates, activates attention, memorization, interest, perception and thinking.

Any systems of support for making medical decisions should be considered, first of all, as medical technologies helping to improve the process of providing medical care to the patient. Experience shows that these systems can significantly improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment of many socially significant diseases.

The basic concepts of vocational training of health professionals in the capital during a pandemic are considered. The training is carried out with the aim of improving the quality of training of qualified specialists with modern knowledge and practical skills in connection with the threat of the spread of the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19.

The article investigates the influence of the use of the LapSim® simulator on the effectiveness of training students in basic skills in laparoscopic surgery. As a result, it turned out that the use of the virtual simulator -  LapSim® in the educational process significantly, 2-3 times reduces the number of mistakes made by novice surgeons.

The article studies the problem of vocational guidance work with schoolchildren, reveals a high need for such activities for the formation of a conscious professional motivation for entering a medical university.