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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vtmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Виртуальные технологии в медицине</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Virtual Technologies in Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-7958</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-0037</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РОСОМЕД</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46594/2687-0037_2025_2_2006</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vtmed-2006</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Опыт применения искусственного интеллекта в отработке и оценке базовых навыков эндохирурга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of Artificial Intelligence in Training and Assessment of Basic Endoscopic Surgical Skills</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0446-0787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горшков</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorshkov</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горшков Максим Дмитриевич - Председатель экспертного совета РОСОМЕД, Директор Европейского института симуляции в медицине ЕвроМедСим.</p><p>Москва; Штутгарт</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gorshkov Maxim - Director of the European Institute for Simulation in Medicine, EuroMedSim; Head of the Expert Council of ROSOMED.</p><p>Moscow; Stuttgart</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mdgorshkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6689-2310</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ким Евгений Владимирович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kim Evgeny</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mdgorshkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8847-9314</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бесчастнов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beshchastnov</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бесчастнов Игорь Владимирович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Beshchastnov Igor - Research Institute of Mechanics, Lomonosov.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mdgorshkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9137-5340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюрин</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyurin</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тюрин Ростислав Русланович - Механико-математический факультет.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tyurin Rostislav - Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mdgorshkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8983-4564</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлов Сергей Алексеевич - Факультет космических исследований</p><p> Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavlov Sergey - Faculty of Space Research.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mdgorshkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российское общество симуляционного обучения в медицине РОСОМЕД; Европейский институт симуляции в медицине</institution><country>Германия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Society for Simulation Education in Medicine (ROSOMED); European Institute for Simulation in Medicine (EuroMedSim)</institution><country>Germany</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Учебно-симуляционный центр Синтомед</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sintomed Training and Simulation Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ Механики, МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Виртуальные технологии в медицине</issue-title><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горшков М.Д., Ким Е.В., Бесчастнов И.В., Тюрин Р.Р., Павлов С.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горшков М.Д., Ким Е.В., Бесчастнов И.В., Тюрин Р.Р., Павлов С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorshkov M., Kim E., Beshchastnov I., Tyurin R., Pavlov S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medsim.ru/jour/article/view/2006">https://www.medsim.ru/jour/article/view/2006</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается применение технологий искусственного интеллекта для отработки и объективной оценки базовых навыков эндохирурга на симуляционной платформе БЭСТА-2.0. Представлены архитектура системы, алгоритмы технического зрения, этапы обучения нейросетей и результаты их применения. В ходе трёхэтапного исследования были достигнуты высокие показатели точности автоматической оценки (до 95% совпадения с экспертной), а также продемонстрирована высокая воспроизводимость результатов. Обсуждаются ключевые ограничения и пути их устранения. Автоматизация оценки эндохирургических навыков позволяет повысить доступность качественного обучения, разгрузить преподавателей и обеспечить немедленную обратную связь в масштабируемом формате. Работа подчёркивает перспективность дальнейшего внедрения ИИ в лапароскопический тренинг и подготовку хирургов в целом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines the application of artificial intelligence technologies for training and objectively assessing basic laparoscopic skills using the BÉSTA 2.0 simulation platform. The paper presents the system architecture, computer vision algorithms, stages of neural network training, and performance results. A three-phase study demonstrated high assessment accuracy (up to 95% agreement with expert ratings) and strong reproducibility of outcomes. Key limitations and mitigation strategies are discussed. Automated evaluation of the endosurgical skills enables scalable, instructor-independent feedback, improves training efficiency, and ensures real-time insight into trainee performance. The findings emphasize the potential of incorporating AI into laparoscopic training and, more broadly, into contemporary surgical education.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>БЭСТА-2.0</kwd><kwd>ИИ</kwd><kwd>автоматическая объективная оценка</kwd><kwd>виртуально-дополненная реальность</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>нейросети</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>компьютерное зрение</kwd><kwd>техническое зрение</kwd><kwd>медицинский тренажёр</kwd><kwd>лапароскопическая хирургия</kwd><kwd>симуляционное обучение</kwd><kwd>хирургическое обучение</kwd><kwd>лапароскопический тренинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>BESTA</kwd><kwd>AI</kwd><kwd>AR</kwd><kwd>automatic objective assessment</kwd><kwd>augmented reality</kwd><kwd>virtually enhanced reality</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>computer vision algorithms</kwd><kwd>technical vision</kwd><kwd>medical simulator</kwd><kwd>laparoscopic surgery</kwd><kwd>simulation training</kwd><kwd>surgical education</kwd><kwd>laparoscopic training</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы статьи выражают огромную благодарность нашим коллегам и студентам за их активную исследовательскую и практическую работу. В разработке, создании и апробации Системы приняли участие и внесли важный вклад: А. В. Аракелов, Д. М. Грибков, Д. С. Кучерявый, Д. В. Малоросиянцев, В. Г. Морозов, Л. А. Отдельнов, А. С. Смирнов, А. Ю. Чиндясов, Л. Б. Шубина</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горшков М. Д. Курс базового эндохирургического симуляционного тренинга и аттестации (БЭСТА) : доклад на XIX съезде Российского общества эндоскопических хирургов, Москва, 16–18 февраля 2016 года.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorshkov, M. D. 2016. "The Basic Endosurgical Simulation Training and Assessment (BESTA) Course." Paper presented at the XIX Congress of the Russian Society of Endoscopic Surgeons, Moscow, February 16–18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горшков М. Д. 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